Ray optics is valid when characteristic dimensions are:

If the luminous efficiency of a lamp is $2 \text{ lumen/watt}$ and its luminous intensity is $42 \text{ candela}$,then the power of the lamp is.......$W$

In a grease spot photometer,light from a lamp with a dirty chimney is exactly balanced by a point source at a distance of $10 \, cm$ from the grease spot. On cleaning the chimney,the point source is moved by $2 \, cm$ to obtain balance again. The percentage of light absorbed by the dirty chimney is nearly......$\%$

$A$ man wishing to get a picture of a Zebra photographed a white donkey after fitting a glass with black streaks onto the objective of his camera.

Four bulbs,red,green,white and blue (denoted by $R, G, W$ and $B$ respectively) are kept in front of a converging lens (as shown in the figure). The observer sees that the green and blue bulbs are kept to the left of the principal axis,while the red and white bulbs are kept to the right of the principal axis. He also sees that the red and green bulbs are above the principal axis,while the white and blue bulbs are below the principal axis. The screens $S_1$ and $S_2$ are set at appropriate positions for focusing to view the images. Choose the figure that correctly represents the images as seen by the observer.

Write the names of instruments developed by the use of properties of reflection and refraction of mirrors,lenses,and prisms.