Read the following statements:
$(a)$ $F_{0}$ part of $ATP$ase is associated with the breakdown of the proton gradient.
$(b)$ $A$ $H^+$ carrier contributes to the creation of the proton gradient.
$(c)$ Movement of electrons in $ETS$ is coupled to the pumping of protons into the lumen.
$(d)$ Formation of $NADPH + H^+$ is related to the creation of the proton gradient.
How many of the above statements are correct?

• A
  Two
• B
  One
• C
  Four
• D
  Three