Removal of the stomach causes:

$A$ : In acute constipation,purgatives containing magnesium salts are generally used.
$R$ : The osmotic effect of $Mg^{2+}$ in the intestinal lumen prevents water reabsorption from the intestine. $Mg^{2+}$ increases the solute concentration in the intestinal lumen because $Mg^{2+}$ is absorbed very slowly.

Which of the following conditions can be improved by the intake of more roughage,sufficient fluids in the diet,and exercise?

$A$ : Vomiting is the forcible expulsion of the contents of the upper gastrointestinal tract through the mouth.
$R$ : The strongest stimuli for vomiting are irritation and distension of the stomach.

What is gastroparesis?

Distinguish between constipation and indigestion. Mention their major causes.