Select the correct statement about water.
$(i)$ Critical temperature of $H_2O$ is less than $NH_3$.
$(ii)$ Standard boiling point of water is $100 \ ^oC$.
$(iii)$ Critical volume of $H_2O$ is less than $NH_3$.

Write chemical reactions to show the amphoteric nature of water.

Polyphosphates are used to soften water because they:

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other labelled as Reason $R$.
Assertion $A$: During the boiling of water having temporary hardness,$Mg(HCO_3)_2$ is converted to $MgCO_3$.
Reason $R$: The solubility product of $Mg(OH)_2$ is greater than that of $MgCO_3$.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

Permanent hardness cannot be removed by

What is used to soften water by Clark's method?