Select the correct statement from the following.

Which of the following is $NOT$ included in the downstream processing of recombinant $DNA$ technology?

Palaeontologists unearthed a human skull during excavation. $A$ small fragment of the scalp tissue was still attached to it. Only a little $DNA$ could be extracted from it. If the genes of the ancient man need to be analysed,the best way of getting a sufficient amount of $DNA$ from this extract is:

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$.
Assertion $A$: In recombinant $DNA$ technology, lysozyme is used for disrupting bacterial cells while cellulase is for plant cells.
Reason $R$: Isolation of genetic material needs disruption of cells.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

What is the first step in the Southern Blot technique?

Assertion : The uptake of $DNA$ during transformation is an active,energy-requiring process.
Reason : Transformation occurs in only those bacteria,which possess the enzymatic machinery involved in the active uptake and recombination.