Separation and purification by filtration,centrifugation of the desired compound produced in a bioreactor is a part of:

Choose the correct statement:
$P -$ Endonucleases cut the $DNA$ at a specific site inside the $DNA$.
$Q -$ $A$ stirred-tank reactor is usually square in shape.
$R -$ In order to force bacteria to take up the plasmid,the bacterial cells must first be made 'competent' to take up $DNA$ by treating them with a divalent cation like $Ca^{2+}$.

Identify the following bioreactors.
$P \quad\quad Q$

Which of the following represents an advantage of growing cells in continuous culture as compared to a shake flask?

Which method is used to introduce $r-DNA$ directly into the nucleus of an animal cell?

In gel electrophoresis,the separated $DNA$ fragments can be visualized by: