Stirred-tank bioreactors have advantages over shake flasks because they

The preparatory phase before fermentation is known as:

How can $RNA$ impurities be removed during the isolation of genetic material?

Explain downstream processing.

Arrange the steps of $\text{rDNA}$ technology in the correct order$:-$
$(I.)$ Extraction of the desired gene product.
$(II.)$ Amplification of the gene of interest.
$(III.)$ Isolation of the desired $\text{DNA}$ fragment.
$(IV.)$ Ligation of the $\text{DNA}$ fragment into a vector.
$(V.)$ Insertion of $\text{rDNA}$ into the host.
The correct order is$:-$

Ethidium bromide stained agarose gel is exposed to $.......,$ to observe $\text{DNA}$ as bright orange coloured bands.