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(D) $n-$type semiconductors are formed by doping an intrinsic semiconductor (like germanium or silicon) with pentavalent impurity atoms. Pentavalent e

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any one of these

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(D) $n-$type semiconductors are formed by doping an intrinsic semiconductor (like germanium or silicon) with pentavalent impurity atoms. Pentavalent elements have $5$ valence electrons. When these atoms are added to the crystal lattice,$4$ electrons form covalent bonds with the germanium atoms,and the $5$th electron becomes a free charge carrier. Arsenic $(As)$,phosphorus $(P)$,and antimony $(Sb)$ are all pentavalent elements belonging to Group $15$ of the periodic table. Therefore,doping germanium with any of these elements will result in an $n-$type semiconductor.

The $n-$type semiconductors are obtained when germanium is doped with

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