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(C) The solubility of carboxylic acids in $H_2O$ depends on the size of the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain. Smaller carboxylic acids are more soluble b

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malonic acid

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(C) The solubility of carboxylic acids in $H_2O$ depends on the size of the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain. Smaller carboxylic acids are more soluble because they can form stronger hydrogen bonds with water relative to their non-polar part. Comparing the given acids: $1$. Malonic acid $(HOOC-CH_2-COOH)$ has $3$ carbons. $2$. Succinic acid $(HOOC-CH_2-CH_2-COOH)$ has $4$ carbons. $3$. Phthalic acid $(C_6H_4(COOH)_2)$ has $8$ carbons. $4$. Salicylic acid $(C_6H_4(OH)(COOH))$ has $7$ carbons. Since malonic acid has the smallest hydrocarbon chain,it exhibits the maximum solubility in water.

The carboxylic acid which has maximum solubility in water is

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