The change in internal energy of a system depends upon

What is meant by standard state in the context of the equation $\Delta U = q + w$?

$A$ certain mass of a gas was brought from state $A$ to $B$ by following three different paths, namely $1$, $2$ and $3$, respectively. Which of the following relations is correct for the work done?

The heat of combustion of benzene determined in a bomb calorimeter is $-870 \ kcal \ mol^{-1}$ at $25 \ ^oC$. The value of $\Delta E$ for the reaction is......$kcal$.

An ideal gas is allowed to expand against a constant pressure of $2 \ bar$ from $10 \ L$ to $50 \ L$ in one step. Calculate the amount of work done by the gas. If the same expansion were carried out reversibly,will the work done be higher or lower than the earlier case? (Given that $1 \ L \ bar = 100 \ J$)

$A$ system goes from $A$ to $B$ via two processes $I$ and $II$ as shown in the figure. If $\Delta U_1$ and $\Delta U_2$ are the changes in internal energies in the processes $I$ and $II$ respectively,then: