The common stable oxidation states of Eu and | vedclass

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(C) The electronic configuration of $Eu$ $(Z=63)$ is $[Xe] 4f^7 6s^2$. It can lose two electrons to form $Eu^{2+}$ $([Xe] 4f^7)$, which is stable due

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$+2$ and $+3$

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(C) The electronic configuration of $Eu$ $(Z=63)$ is $[Xe] 4f^7 6s^2$. It can lose two electrons to form $Eu^{2+}$ $([Xe] 4f^7)$, which is stable due to the half-filled $f$-orbital. It also exhibits a $+3$ oxidation state.The electronic configuration of $Gd$ $(Z=64)$ is $[Xe] 4f^7 5d^1 6s^2$. It loses three electrons to form $Gd^{3+}$ $([Xe] 4f^7)$, which is highly stable due to the half-filled $f$-orbital. Thus, the common stable oxidation states are $+2$ for $Eu$ and $+3$ for $Gd$.

The common stable oxidation states of $Eu$ and $Gd$ are respectively

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