The correct symbol for a Zener diode is:

The $I-V$ characteristics of an electronic device are shown in the figure. The device is:

Choose the correct statement about $Zener$ diode:

$A$ Zener diode of breakdown voltage $V_{Z} = 8\,V$ and maximum Zener current $I_{ZM} = 10\,mA$ is subjected to an input voltage $V_{i} = 10\,V$ with a series resistance $R = 100\,\Omega$. In the given circuit,$R_{L}$ represents the variable load resistance. The ratio of the maximum and minimum value of $R_{L}$ is

$A$ Zener diode with a breakdown voltage of $15 \ V$ is used as a voltage regulator. In the circuit shown,the current flowing through the Zener diode is ...... $mA$.

Zener breakdown in a semiconductor diode occurs when