The first $\left( \Delta_{i}H_{1} \right)$ and the second $\left( \Delta_{i}H_{2} \right)$ ionization enthalpies (in $kJ \ mol^{-1}$) and the $\left( \Delta_{eg}H \right)$ electron gain enthalpy (in $kJ \ mol^{-1}$) of a few elements are given below:
Elements $\left( \Delta_{i}H_{1} \right)$ $\left( \Delta_{i}H_{2} \right)$ $\left( \Delta_{eg}H \right)$ $I$ $520$ $7300$ $-60$ $II$ $419$ $3051$ $-48$ $III$ $1681$ $3374$ $-328$ $IV$ $1008$ $1846$ $-295$ $V$ $2372$ $8581$ $+48$ $VI$ $738$ $1451$ $-40$
Which of the above elements is likely to be:
$(a)$ the least reactive element.
$(b)$ the most reactive metal.
$(c)$ the most reactive non-metal.
$(d)$ the least reactive non-metal.
$(e)$ the metal which can form a stable binary halide of the formula $MX_{2}$ ($X =$ halogen).
$(f)$ the metal which can form a predominantly stable covalent halide of the formula $MX$ ($X =$ halogen)?
| Elements | $\left( \Delta_{i}H_{1} \right)$ | $\left( \Delta_{i}H_{2} \right)$ | $\left( \Delta_{eg}H \right)$ |
|---|---|---|---|
| $I$ | $520$ | $7300$ | $-60$ |
| $II$ | $419$ | $3051$ | $-48$ |
| $III$ | $1681$ | $3374$ | $-328$ |
| $IV$ | $1008$ | $1846$ | $-295$ |
| $V$ | $2372$ | $8581$ | $+48$ |
| $VI$ | $738$ | $1451$ | $-40$ |
Which of the above elements is likely to be:
$(a)$ the least reactive element.
$(b)$ the most reactive metal.
$(c)$ the most reactive non-metal.
$(d)$ the least reactive non-metal.
$(e)$ the metal which can form a stable binary halide of the formula $MX_{2}$ ($X =$ halogen).
$(f)$ the metal which can form a predominantly stable covalent halide of the formula $MX$ ($X =$ halogen)?
(A-D) $V$: It has a very high $\Delta_{i}H_{1}$ and a positive $\Delta_{eg}H$,characteristic of a noble gas.
$(b)$ $II$: It has the lowest $\Delta_{i}H_{1}$ $(419 \ kJ \ mol^{-1})$,characteristic of an alkali metal.
$(c)$ $III$: It has a highly negative $\Delta_{eg}H$ $(-328 \ kJ \ mol^{-1})$,characteristic of a halogen (e.g.,$F$).
$(d)$ $IV$: It has a less negative $\Delta_{eg}H$ compared to $III$,indicating lower reactivity as a non-metal.
$(e)$ $VI$: The difference between $\Delta_{i}H_{2}$ and $\Delta_{i}H_{1}$ is relatively small,characteristic of an alkaline earth metal (e.g.,$Mg$) which forms $MX_{2}$.
$(f)$ $I$: It has a low $\Delta_{i}H_{1}$ $(520 \ kJ \ mol^{-1})$,characteristic of an alkali metal (e.g.,$Li$) which can form covalent halides due to high polarizing power.
$(b)$ $II$: It has the lowest $\Delta_{i}H_{1}$ $(419 \ kJ \ mol^{-1})$,characteristic of an alkali metal.
$(c)$ $III$: It has a highly negative $\Delta_{eg}H$ $(-328 \ kJ \ mol^{-1})$,characteristic of a halogen (e.g.,$F$).
$(d)$ $IV$: It has a less negative $\Delta_{eg}H$ compared to $III$,indicating lower reactivity as a non-metal.
$(e)$ $VI$: The difference between $\Delta_{i}H_{2}$ and $\Delta_{i}H_{1}$ is relatively small,characteristic of an alkaline earth metal (e.g.,$Mg$) which forms $MX_{2}$.
$(f)$ $I$: It has a low $\Delta_{i}H_{1}$ $(520 \ kJ \ mol^{-1})$,characteristic of an alkali metal (e.g.,$Li$) which can form covalent halides due to high polarizing power.
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