The general order of reactivity of carbonyl c | vedclass

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Question

(A) . The reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophilic addition is governed by two factors: steric hindrance and electronic effects.$1$. Ster

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$H_2C = O > RCHO > ArCHO > R_2C = O > Ar_2C = O$

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(A) . The reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophilic addition is governed by two factors: steric hindrance and electronic effects.$1$. Steric hindrance: As the number and size of alkyl or aryl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon increase,the approach of the nucleophile becomes more difficult.$2$. Electronic effects: Alkyl groups are electron-donating ($+I$ effect),which decreases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon.Formaldehyde $(H_2C = O)$ has the least steric hindrance and no electron-donating groups,making it the most reactive.Aldehydes $(RCHO)$ are more reactive than ketones $(R_2C = O)$ due to less steric hindrance.Aryl groups $(Ar)$ provide resonance stabilization to the carbonyl carbon,further reducing its electrophilicity compared to alkyl groups.Thus,the correct order is $H_2C = O > RCHO > ArCHO > R_2C = O > Ar_2C = O$.

The general order of reactivity of carbonyl compounds for nucleophilic addition reactions is

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