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Question

(C) $o$-Nitrophenol and $p$-nitrophenol can be separated by steam distillation. $o$-Nitrophenol is steam volatile due to the presence of intramolecula

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Steam distillation

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(C) $o$-Nitrophenol and $p$-nitrophenol can be separated by steam distillation. $o$-Nitrophenol is steam volatile due to the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding,which reduces its intermolecular attraction. In contrast,$p$-nitrophenol exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonding,leading to the association of molecules,which makes it less volatile. Therefore,$o$-nitrophenol distills over with steam,while $p$-nitrophenol remains in the distillation flask.

The most suitable method of separation of a $1:1$ mixture of $ortho$- and $para$-nitrophenols is:

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