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(A) Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen $(N_2)$ into ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds like nitrates and nitrites

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a biological process of nitrogen-fixing bacteria present in soil

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(A) Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen $(N_2)$ into ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds like nitrates and nitrites.This process is primarily carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria (such as $Rhizobium$) present in the soil or in the root nodules of leguminous plants.Cereal crops themselves do not fix nitrogen; they rely on soil nitrogen.Industrial processes typically use the Haber-Bosch process,which requires high pressure and temperature,not direct atmospheric nitrogen conversion as described in biological contexts.Therefore,the correct mechanism is the biological process performed by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil.

The nitrogen molecules present in air can be converted into nitrates and nitrites by:

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