The nuclear forces are

The force between two protons is the same as the force between a proton and a neutron. The nature of the force is:

Assertion $(A):$ Forces acting between proton-proton $(f_{pp})$, proton-neutron $(f_{pn})$ and neutron-neutron $(f_{nn})$ are such that $f_{pp} < f_{pn} = f_{nn}$.
Reason $(R):$ Electrostatic force of repulsion between two protons reduces the net nuclear force between them.

Two protons exert a nuclear force on each other. The distance between them is approximately:

$(a)$ Two stable isotopes of lithium $_{3}^{6} Li$ and $_{3}^{7} Li$ have respective abundances of $7.5 \%$ and $92.5 \%$. These isotopes have masses $6.01512 \; u$ and $7.01600 \; u$,respectively. Find the atomic mass of lithium.
$(b)$ Boron has two stable isotopes,$_{5}^{10} B$ and $_{5}^{11} B$. Their respective masses are $10.01294 \; u$ and $11.00931 \; u$,and the atomic mass of boron is $10.811 \; u$. Find the abundances of $_{5}^{10} B$ and $_{5}^{11} B$.

If $S$ is the surface area of a nucleus of mass number $A$, then