The plane of a dip circle is set in the geographic meridian and the apparent dip is $\delta_1$. It is then set in a vertical plane perpendicular to the geographic meridian. The apparent dip angle is $\delta_2$. The declination $\theta$ at the place is

At the magnetic poles of the Earth,the angle of dip is .....$^o$.

Explain geographic meridian and magnetic meridian.

The Earth's magnetic field at the equator is approximately $0.4 \, G$. Calculate the Earth's magnetic dipole moment (nearly). (Radius of Earth $R = 6.4 \times 10^6 \, m$)

$A$ magnet hung at $45^{\circ}$ with the magnetic meridian makes an angle of $60^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. The actual value of the angle of dip is.

Answer the following questions:
$(a)$ The earth's magnetic field varies from point to point in space. Does it also change with time? If so,on what time scale does it change appreciably?
$(b)$ The earth's core is known to contain iron. Yet geologists do not regard this as a source of the earth's magnetism. Why?
$(c)$ The charged currents in the outer conducting regions of the earth's core are thought to be responsible for earth's magnetism. What might be the 'battery' (i.e.,the source of energy) to sustain these currents?
$(d)$ The earth may have even reversed the direction of its field several times during its history of $4$ to $5$ billion years. How can geologists know about the earth's field in such distant past?
$(e)$ The earth's field departs from its dipole shape substantially at large distances (greater than about $30,000\; km$). What agencies may be responsible for this distortion?
$(f)$ Interstellar space has an extremely weak magnetic field of the order of $10^{-12}\; T$. Can such a weak field be of any significant consequence? Explain.