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(D) : Convergent evolution is the development of superficially similar structures in unrelated organisms,usually because the organisms live in the sam

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convergent evolution

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(D) : Convergent evolution is the development of superficially similar structures in unrelated organisms,usually because the organisms live in the same kind of environment.Examples are the wings of insects and birds and the streamlined bodies of whales and fish.One can say that it is the similar habitat that has resulted in the selection of similar adaptive features in different groups of organisms,but toward the same function.An example of convergent evolution is the similar nature of the flight/wings of insects,birds,pterosaurs,and bats.All four serve the same function and are similar in structure,but each evolved independently.Some species of the lens of eyes also evolved independently in various animals.

List $- I$	List $- II$
$(a)$ Adaptive radiation	$(i)$ Selection of resistant varieties due to excessive use of herbicides and pesticides
$(b)$ Convergent evolution	$(ii)$ Bones of forelimbs in Man and Whale
$(c)$ Divergent evolution	$(iii)$ Wings of Butterfly and Bird
$(d)$ Evolution by anthropogenic action	$(iv)$ Darwin Finches

List-$I$	List-$II$
$(i)$ $65$ million years ago	$(p)$ Sea weeds existed
$(ii)$ $350$ million years ago	$(q)$ Invertebrates formed
$(iii)$ $500$ million years ago	$(r)$ Jawless fish evolved
$(iv)$ $320$ million years ago	$(s)$ Dinosaurs disappeared

The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge,is called

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