The radiant energy from the sun incident normally at the surface of the earth is $20 \, kcal/m^2-min$. What would have been the radiant energy incident normally on the earth if the sun had a temperature twice of the present one? ........... $kcal/m^2-min$

In an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment,a straight black line of length $L$ is drawn on the inside part of the objective lens. The eyepiece forms a real image of this line. The length of this image is $I$. The magnification of the telescope is:

In an experiment on photoelectric emission from a metallic surface,the wavelength of incident light is $2 \times 10^{-7} \ m$ and the stopping potential is $2.5 \ V$. The threshold frequency of the metal (in $Hz$) is approximately (charge of electron $e = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \ C$,Planck's constant $h = 6.6 \times 10^{-34} \ J \cdot s$):

There is a uniform electric field of strength $10^3 \ Vm^{-1}$ along the $Y$-axis. $A$ body of mass $1 \ g$ and charge $10^{-6} \ C$ is projected into the field from the origin along the positive $X$-axis with a velocity of $10 \ ms^{-1}$. Its speed in $ms^{-1}$ after $10 \ s$ is (Neglect gravitation).

Write the resonance structures for $SO_{3}$,$NO_{2}$,and $NO_{3}^{-}$.

With a standard rectangular bar magnet,the time period of a vibration magnetometer is $4 ~s$. The bar magnet is cut parallel to its length into four equal pieces. The time period of the vibration magnetometer when one piece is used (in seconds) (bar magnet breadth is small) is