The refractive index of water and glass with respect to air is $1.3$ and $1.5$ respectively. Then the refractive index of glass with respect to water is

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other is labelled as Reason $(R)$.
Assertion $(A)$: Refractive index of glass is higher than that of air.
Reason $(R)$: Optical density of a medium is directly proportionate to its mass density which results in a proportionate refractive index.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

$A$ monochromatic beam of light is travelling from medium $A$ of refractive index $n_{1}$ to a medium $B$ of refractive index $n_{2}$. In the medium $A$,there are $x$ number of waves in a certain distance. In the medium $B$,there are $y$ number of waves in the same distance. Then,the refractive index of medium $A$ with respect to medium $B$ is

$A$ glass slab consists of thin uniform layers of progressively decreasing refractive indices $(RI)$ such that the $RI$ of any layer is $\mu - m \Delta \mu$. Here, $\mu$ and $\Delta \mu$ denote the $RI$ of the $0^{\text{th}}$ layer and the difference in $RI$ between any two consecutive layers, respectively. The integer $m = 0, 1, 2, 3, \ldots$ denotes the number of the successive layers. $A$ ray of light from the $0^{\text{th}}$ layer enters the $1^{\text{st}}$ layer at an angle of incidence of $30^{\circ}$. After undergoing the $m^{\text{th}}$ refraction, the ray emerges parallel to the interface. If $\mu = 1.5$ and $\Delta \mu = 0.015$, the value of $m$ is:

An observer can see through a pin-hole the top end of a thin rod of height $h$,placed as shown in the figure. The beaker height is $3h$ and its radius is $h$. When the beaker is filled with a liquid up to a height $2h$,the observer can see the lower end of the rod. Then the refractive index of the liquid is

When light enters from air to water,then its