The refractive indices of water and glass with respect to air are $1.2$ and $1.5$ respectively. The refractive index of glass with respect to water is

When light is refracted from air into glass,

$A$ fish rising vertically up towards the surface of water with speed $3 \; ms^{-1}$ observes a bird diving vertically down towards it with speed $9 \; ms^{-1}$. The actual velocity of the bird is.......$ms^{-1}$ (Assume refractive index of water $\mu = 4/3$).

$A$ monochromatic light is travelling in a medium of refractive index $n=1.6$. It enters a stack of glass layers from the bottom side at an angle $\theta=30^{\circ}$. The interfaces of the glass layers are parallel to each other. The refractive indices of different glass layers are monotonically decreasing as $n_m=n-m \Delta n$,where $n_m$ is the refractive index of the $m^{\text{th}}$ slab and $\Delta n=0.1$ (see the figure). The ray is refracted out parallel to the interface between the $(m-1)^{\text{th}}$ and $m^{\text{th}}$ slabs from the right side of the stack. What is the value of $m$?

$A$ light ray of frequency '$v$' and wavelength '$\lambda$' enters a liquid of refractive index $\frac{3}{2}$. The ray travels in the liquid with:

The absolute refractive indices of glass and water are $\frac{3}{2}$ and $\frac{4}{3}$,respectively. The ratio of the velocity of light in glass to that in water will be: