The state of Gujarat has river,desert,forest,and lake ecosystems,thus exhibiting a diversity of life. Which measure do you use to denote total diversity in such a case?

What is $\beta$ (beta) diversity?

How many bio-geographical regions are present in India?

Read the following statements:
$(A)$ India has a greater ecosystem diversity than Norway.
$(B)$ According to the $IUCN$ $(2004)$,the total number of plant and animal species described so far is slightly more than $1.5$ million.

Tropical regions show the greatest level of species richness because:
$A$. Tropical latitudes have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years,hence more time was available for species diversification.
$B$. Tropical environments are more seasonal.
$C$. More solar energy is available in the tropics.
$D$. Constant environments promote niche specialization.
$E$. Tropical environments are constant and predictable.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Define/Explain: Endemic species.