The structure of intermediate $A$ in the following reaction is

Rank the following compounds in order of increasing acidic strength.

The major product obtained on interaction of phenol with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide is

Explain how the $-OH$ group attached to the carbon of the benzene ring activates the benzene ring for electrophilic substitution reactions.

In the following reaction sequence,identify $Q$:
$p\text{-Chloronitrobenzene}$ $\xrightarrow[\Delta, P]{NaOH} P$ $\xrightarrow{C_6H_5CH_2Cl} Q$

$A$ solution of phenol in chloroform when treated with aqueous $NaOH$ gives compound $P$ as a major product. The mass percentage of carbon in $P$ is $..............$ (to the nearest integer)
(Atomic mass : $C = 12$; $H = 1$; $O = 16$)