The structure of solid crystals is investigated by using

If the minimum wavelength of an $X$-ray is $2 \mathring{A}$,then the potential difference between the anode and the cathode is ...... $kV$.

The energy of a photon of characteristic $X-$ rays from a Coolidge tube comes from

The ${K_{\alpha}}$ $X$-rays arising from a cobalt $(Z = 27)$ target have a wavelength of $179\, pm$. The ${K_{\alpha}}$ $X$-rays arising from a nickel target $(Z = 28)$ is

For the study of bone fractures,the minimum wavelength of $X$-rays should be $10^{-11} \ m$. The accelerating voltage for electrons in the $X$-ray machine will be .......

$A$ metal block is exposed to beams of $X$-rays of different wavelengths. $X$-rays of which wavelength penetrate most?