The synthesis of ATP in photosynthesis and re | vedclass

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(D) In both photosynthesis and cellular respiration,the synthesis of $ATP$ occurs via a process called chemiosmosis,which is driven by an electron tra

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Electrons

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(D) In both photosynthesis and cellular respiration,the synthesis of $ATP$ occurs via a process called chemiosmosis,which is driven by an electron transport chain $(ETC)$.This process involves a series of oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions where electrons are transferred from one carrier to another.As electrons move through the $ETC$,they release energy,which is used to pump protons $(H^+)$ across a membrane,creating a proton gradient.The energy stored in this electrochemical gradient is then used by the enzyme $ATP$ synthase to synthesize $ATP$ from $ADP$ and inorganic phosphate.Therefore,the fundamental source of energy for $ATP$ synthesis in these processes is the energy released during the transfer of electrons.

The synthesis of $ATP$ in photosynthesis and respiration is essentially an oxidation-reduction process involving the removal of energy from:

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