The top of an insulated cylindrical container is covered by a disc having emissivity $0.6$ and thickness $1\, cm$. The temperature is maintained by circulating oil as shown in the figure. If the temperature of the upper surface of the disc is $127^\circ C$ and the temperature of the surroundings is $27^\circ C$,then the radiation loss to the surroundings will be (Take $\sigma = \frac{17}{3} \times 10^{-8} \, W/m^2 K^4$)

  • A
    $595 \, J/m^2 \cdot s$
  • B
    $595 \, cal/m^2 \cdot s$
  • C
    $991.0 \, J/m^2 \cdot s$
  • D
    $440 \, J/m^2 \cdot s$

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$A$ black rectangular surface of area '$A$' emits energy '$E$' per second at $27^{\circ} C$. If length and breadth are reduced to $\frac{1}{3}$ of their initial values and the temperature is raised to $327^{\circ} C$,then the energy emitted per second becomes:

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