To obtain a buffer which should be suitable for maintaining a $pH$ of about $4 - 5$,we need to have in solution,a mixture of

  • A
    $A$ strong base $+$ its salt with a weak acid
  • B
    $A$ weak base $+$ its salt with a strong acid
  • C
    $A$ strong acid $+$ its salt with a weak base
  • D
    $A$ weak acid $+$ its salt with a strong base

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The $[HCO_{3}^{-}]/[H_{2}CO_{3}]$ ratio in the buffer present in blood $(pH = 7.4)$ is approximately $(pK_{a} = 6.1$ for $H_{2}CO_{3})$.

The addition of small amounts of either acid or base to a buffer solution causes only small changes in $pH$ because the buffer solution

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