Total internal reflection of a ray of light is possible when the ($i_c$ = critical angle,$i$ = angle of incidence)

For a light ray to undergo total internal reflection ($i =$ angle of incidence,$i_c =$ critical angle):

Why is mirage formation seen in deserts during the summer?

$A$ point source of light $S$ is placed at the bottom of a vessel containing a liquid of refractive index $\mu = 5/3$. $A$ person is viewing the source from above the surface. There is an opaque disc $D$ of radius $r = 1\, cm$ floating on the surface of the liquid. The centre of the disc lies vertically above the source $S$. The liquid from the vessel is gradually drained out through a tap. The maximum height $h$ of the liquid for which the source cannot be seen at all from above is: (in $, cm$)

$A$ diver at a depth of $12 \ m$ in water $\left(\mu = \frac{4}{3}\right)$ sees the sky in a cone of semi-vertical angle:

$A$ light ray falls on a glass surface of refractive index $\sqrt{3}$,at an angle of $60^{\circ}$. The angle between the refracted and reflected rays would be ....... $^o$.