Two pulley arrangements shown in the figure are identical. The mass of the rope is negligible. In figure $(a)$,the mass $m$ is lifted by attaching a mass $2m$ to the other end of the rope. In figure $(b)$,$m$ is lifted up by pulling the other end of the rope with a constant downward force $F = 2mg$. The accelerations of $m$ in the two cases are respectively:

$A$ bullet of mass $20 \, g$ travelling horizontally with a speed of $500 \, m/s$ passes through a wooden block of mass $10.0 \, kg$ initially at rest on a surface. The bullet emerges with a speed of $100 \, m/s$ and the block slides $20 \, cm$ on the surface before coming to rest. Find the coefficient of friction between the block and the surface. $(g = 10 \, m/s^2)$

$A$ helicopter of mass $1000 \;kg$ rises with a vertical acceleration of $15\; m s^{-2}$. The crew and the passengers weigh $300\; kg$. Give the magnitude and direction of the
$(a)$ force on the floor by the crew and passengers,
$(b)$ action of the rotor of the helicopter on the surrounding air,
$(c)$ force on the helicopter due to the surrounding air.

$A$ block of mass $2M$ is attached to a massless spring with spring-constant $k$. This block is connected to two other blocks of masses $M$ and $2M$ using two massless pulleys and strings. The accelerations of the blocks are $a_1, a_2$ and $a_3$ as shown in the figure. The system is released from rest with the spring in its unstretched state. The maximum extension of the spring is $x_0$. Which of the following option$(s)$ is/are correct? [$g$ is the acceleration due to gravity. Neglect friction]

On a pulley of mass $M$ hangs a rope with two masses $m_{1}$ and $m_{2}$ $(m_{1} > m_{2})$ tied at the ends as shown in the figure. The pulley rotates without any friction,whereas the friction between the rope and the pulley is large enough to prevent any slipping. Which of the following plots best represents the difference between the tensions in the rope on the two sides of the pulley as a function of the mass of the pulley?

Two blocks $A$ and $B$ of masses $5 \ kg$ and $10 \ kg$ respectively are placed as shown in the figure. The coefficient of friction between all the surfaces is $0.2$. $A$ force $F$ is applied on block $A$ at an angle of $30^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. If the system moves with constant acceleration,find the acceleration of block $B$. (Assume $g = 10 \ m/s^2$ and $F = 100 \ N$) (in $m/s^2$)