Two rods of the same length and material transfer a given amount of heat in $12 \text{ s}$ when they are joined end-to-end. If they are joined lengthwise, in how many seconds will they transfer the same amount of heat under the same conditions (in $\text{ s}$)?

$A$ cylinder of radius $R$ made of a material of thermal conductivity $k_1$ is surrounded by a cylindrical shell of inner radius $R$ and outer radius $2R$ made of a material of thermal conductivity $k_2$. The two ends of the combined system are maintained at different temperatures. There is no loss of heat from the cylindrical surface and the system is in steady state. The effective thermal conductivity of the system is

$A$ window used to thermally insulate a room from outside consists of two parallel glass sheets each of area $2.6 \,m^2$ and thickness $1 \,cm$ separated by $5 \,cm$ thick stagnant air. In the steady state, the room-glass interface is at $18^{\circ} C$ and the glass-outdoor interface is at $-2^{\circ} C$. If the thermal conductivities of glass and air are respectively $0.8 \,Wm^{-1} K^{-1}$ and $0.08 \,Wm^{-1} K^{-1}$, the rate of flow of heat through the window is (in $\,W$)

Four rods of identical cross-sectional area and made from the same metal form the sides of a square. The temperatures of two diagonally opposite points are $\theta$ and $\sqrt{2}\theta$ respectively in the steady state. Assuming that only heat conduction takes place,what will be the temperature difference between the other two points?

Two slabs $A$ and $B$ of different materials but of the same thickness are joined end to end to form a composite slab. The thermal conductivities of $A$ and $B$ are $k_1$ and $k_2$ respectively. $A$ steady temperature difference of $12^{\circ} C$ is maintained across the composite slab. If $k_1=\frac{k_2}{2}$, the temperature difference across slab $A$ is (in $^{\circ} C$)

Consider two insulating sheets with thermal resistances $R_1$ and $R_2$ as shown in the figure. The temperature $\theta$ at the junction is: