Unsaturated hydrocarbons produce a yellow flame with a large amount of black smoke when burnt in oxygen. Give the reason.

$A$ compound $X$ is formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid $C_{2}H_{4}O_{2}$ and an alcohol in the presence of a few drops of $H_{2}SO_{4}$. The alcohol,upon oxidation with alkaline $KMnO_{4}$ followed by acidification,gives the same carboxylic acid as used in this reaction. Give the names and structures of $(a)$ carboxylic acid,$(b)$ alcohol,and $(c)$ the compound $X$. Also,write the chemical reaction.

Which catalyst is used to increase the rate of the vulcanization process of rubber?

Which functional group is present in methyl ethanoate?

What are soaps chemically? How do they differ from synthetic detergents? Explain the mechanism and the cleansing action of soap.

What is used to prepare white lead?