What do you understand by bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons? Illustrate by giving one example of each type.

(N/A) Bond pairs are the shared electrons between two atoms in a covalent bond. For example,in the $H-H$ molecule,the shared pair of electrons between the two $H$ atoms constitutes a bond pair.
Lone pairs are valence shell electron pairs that are not involved in bonding and remain on a single atom. For example,in the $H_2O$ molecule,the oxygen atom has two lone pairs of electrons that do not participate in bonding.