What is meant by biodiversity? List two advantages of conserving forests and wildlife.

In our country,there are attempts to increase the height of several existing dams like Tehri and Almati,dams across Narmada. Choose the correct statements among the following that are a consequence of raising the height of dams:
$(i)$ Terrestrial flora and fauna of the area is destroyed completely.
$(ii)$ Dislocation of people and domestic animals living in the area.
$(iii)$ Valuable agricultural land may be permanently lost.
$(iv)$ It will generate permanent employment for people.

State long-term perspectives of management of natural resources.

$(a)$ Why are coal and petroleum called fossil fuels?
$(b)$ Name any two elements present in fossil fuels in addition to carbon.

How does mining disturb ecological balance? Explain.

Write the harmful effects of using plastic bags on the environment. Suggest alternatives to plastic bags.