What is meant by electromagnetic induction?

Which rule is used to determine the direction of induced current in a circuit?

What does the thumb indicate in Fleming's right-hand rule?

An electron enters a magnetic field at right angles to it as shown in the figure. The direction of force acting on the electron will be:

$A$ student performs an experiment to study the magnetic effect of current around a current-carrying straight conductor. He reports that:
$(i)$ The direction of deflection of the north pole of a compass needle kept at a given point near the conductor remains unaffected even when the terminals of the battery sending current in the wire are interchanged.
$(ii)$ For a given battery,the degree of deflection of a $N$-pole decreases when the compass is kept at a point farther away from the conductor.
Which of the above observations of the student is incorrect and why?

Inside a current carrying solenoid,the magnetic field lines are: