What is the condition of some parts of the body that interferes with their normal functions called?

Which of the following is/are inconsistent with a healthy individual?
$(1)$ Increased efficiency
$(2)$ Higher productivity
$(3)$ Increased longevity of people
$(4)$ Increase in infant and maternal mortality rates

How can infectious diseases be prevented and controlled?

Which of the following is a correct matching pair of the vector and the disease?

$Pseudomonas$ $cola$ causes:

$A$: It is considered advantageous to give the polio vaccine orally.
$R$: It prevents reinfection by causing intestinal immunity.