What is the genetic constitution of the $23$rd pair of sex chromosomes in a human female?

Name any five vegetables generated from a common ancestor through artificial selection rather than natural selection. Also,mention the features for which each vegetable is selected.

Which of the following organs,when found to be present in two animals,indicate that these two animals have been evolved from a common ancestor?

In snails, individuals can change sex, indicating that sex is not genetically determined in them.

How can the chromosomes be identified?

Bacteria have a simpler body plan when compared with human beings. Does it mean that human beings are more evolved than bacteria? Provide a suitable explanation.