What is the process of transmission of characters from parents to offspring called?

$(a)$ Explain,giving examples,how artificial selection has helped in the formation of newer varieties of cauliflower.
$(b)$ List the steps involved in the formation of new species.
$(c)$ How do different races of human beings belong to the same species?

$A$ woman having blood group $B$ marries a man having blood group $A$ and they have four offspring. Two children have blood group $O$,one has blood group $B$,and one has blood group $AB$. Now,answer the following:
$(i)$ Which blood group is dominant?
$(ii)$ Which blood group is recessive?
$(iii)$ What are the genotypes of the parents?
$(iv)$ Show the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.

What is the cause of the differences found among individuals of the same species?

Which organism can change its sex?

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution of species by natural selection. How do Gregor Mendel's experiments support Darwin's view?