What is the product obtained in the following reaction?

What are $X$ and $Y$ in the following reactions?

Which one of the following gives a foul-smelling substance when treated with chloroform and alcoholic $KOH$?

The product $C$ of the following reaction sequence is:

Aniline on treatment with a mixture of conc. $HNO_3$ and conc. $H_2SO_4$ yields:

What product will be formed from the Hofmann exhaustive methylation of the following compound?
$CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-NH-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3 \xrightarrow[(i) CH_3I (excess), (ii) Ag_2O, (iii) \Delta]{} \text{Product}$