What is used to make vinegar?

Look at the figure and answer the following questions:
$(a)$ What change would you observe in the calcium hydroxide solution taken in tube $B$?
$(b)$ Write the chemical reactions involved in test tubes $A$ and $B$ respectively.

$(a)$ Differentiate between soap and detergent.
$(b)$ Explain why soaps form scum with hard water,whereas detergents do not.

$(a)$ Why is hard water not suitable for washing clothes with soap?
$(b)$ Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water?
$(c)$ What is saponification?

Why should we prefer vegetable oils over animal fats for cooking food? Give a balanced chemical equation for the reaction for hydrogenation of vegetable oils. Name the catalysts in this reaction.

Explain why washing clothes with hard water is not effective.