When an electromagnetic wave enters the ionized layer of the ionosphere,the relative permittivity of the ionized layer is found to be:

If $\overrightarrow E$ and $\overrightarrow B$ are the electric and magnetic field vectors of electromagnetic waves,then the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave is along the direction of:

Write the characteristics of electromagnetic waves.

In an electromagnetic wave,the energy density associated with the magnetic field will be:

$A$ plane electromagnetic wave of frequency $25 \text{ MHz}$ travels in free space along the $X$-direction. At a particular point in space and time, the electric field is $\vec{E} = 6.3 \hat{j} \text{ V m}^{-1}$. What is the magnetic field $\vec{B}$ at that point?

$A$ sky wave with a frequency of $55 \text{ MHz}$ is incident on the $D$-region of the ionosphere at an angle of $45^\circ$. What is the angle of refraction? (The electron density in the $D$-region is $400 \text{ electrons/cm}^3$).