When aniline is nitrated with nitrating mixtu | vedclass

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(D) Direct nitration of aniline with concentrated $HNO_3$ and $H_2SO_4$ (nitrating mixture) leads to the formation of a significant amount of $m$-nitr

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$m$-nitroaniline

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(D) Direct nitration of aniline with concentrated $HNO_3$ and $H_2SO_4$ (nitrating mixture) leads to the formation of a significant amount of $m$-nitroaniline due to the protonation of the $-NH_2$ group to form the $-NH_3^+$ ion, which is meta-directing. In acidic medium, aniline exists as anilinium ion $(C_6H_5NH_3^+)$, which is strongly deactivating and meta-directing. Therefore, the major product obtained under these conditions is $m$-nitroaniline.

When aniline is nitrated with nitrating mixture in ice-cold condition, the major product obtained is

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