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Question

(B) Soap is the sodium or potassium salt of long-chain fatty acids (e.g.,$C_{17}H_{35}COONa$).Hard water contains dissolved calcium $(Ca^{2+})$ and ma

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$(C_{17}H_{35}COO)_2Ca$

Vedclass · Answer

(B) Soap is the sodium or potassium salt of long-chain fatty acids (e.g.,$C_{17}H_{35}COONa$).Hard water contains dissolved calcium $(Ca^{2+})$ and magnesium $(Mg^{2+})$ ions.When soap is added to hard water,these ions react with the soap to form insoluble calcium or magnesium salts of the fatty acids,such as $(C_{17}H_{35}COO)_2Ca$.These insoluble salts precipitate as a greyish white scum,which prevents the formation of lather and reduces the cleaning efficiency of the soap.

When soap is dissolved in hard water,its cleaning ability decreases. This is due to the formation of:

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