When the conductivity of a semiconductor is only due to the breaking of covalent bonds,the semiconductor is called:

In an $n$-type semiconductor:

What is an acceptor impurity? Write the names of such impurities.

$A$ crystal of intrinsic silicon at room temperature has a carrier concentration of $1.6 \times 10^{16} / m^3$. If the donor concentration level is $4.8 \times 10^{20} / m^3$, then the concentration of holes in the semiconductor is

Explain the recombination coefficient of an intrinsic semiconductor and derive the relation $n_i^2 = n_e n_h$.

If ${n_e}$ and ${n_h}$ are the number of electrons and holes in a semiconductor heavily doped with phosphorus,then