Which element from the following has the smal | vedclass

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(A) In the lanthanoid series,as we move from $La$ $(Z = 57)$ to $Lu$ $(Z = 71)$,the ionic radius of the $M^{3+}$ ions decreases regularly. This phenom

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$Lu^{3+}$

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(A) In the lanthanoid series,as we move from $La$ $(Z = 57)$ to $Lu$ $(Z = 71)$,the ionic radius of the $M^{3+}$ ions decreases regularly. This phenomenon is known as lanthanoid contraction.Lanthanoid contraction occurs due to the poor shielding effect of $4f$ electrons,which causes the effective nuclear charge to increase,pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus.Therefore,the ionic size decreases as the atomic number increases.Among the given elements,$Lu$ $(Z = 71)$ has the highest atomic number,so $Lu^{3+}$ has the smallest ionic size.

Which element from the following has the smallest ionic size in the $+3$ oxidation state?

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