Which of the following benzene rings is most | vedclass

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(A) The reactivity of a benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution depends on the electron density of the ring. Groups that donate elect

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Phenol $(C_6H_5OH)$

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(A) The reactivity of a benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution depends on the electron density of the ring. Groups that donate electron density to the ring (activating groups) increase its reactivity,while groups that withdraw electron density (deactivating groups) decrease its reactivity.$1$. The $-OH$ group in phenol is a strong activating group due to its $+M$ (mesomeric) effect,which significantly increases the electron density on the benzene ring.$2$. The $-CH_3$ group in toluene is a weakly activating group due to the $+I$ (inductive) effect and hyperconjugation.$3$. The $-NO_2$ group in nitrobenzene is a strongly deactivating group due to its $-M$ and $-I$ effects.$4$. The $-CHO$ group in benzaldehyde is a deactivating group due to its $-M$ and $-I$ effects.Since the $-OH$ group is the strongest activating group among the given options,phenol is the most reactive towards an electrophile.

Which of the following benzene rings is most reactive towards an electrophile $(E^{\oplus})$?

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