Which of the following can show +M or +R effe | vedclass

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(C) The $+M$ (mesomeric) or $+R$ (resonance) effect is shown by groups that donate electrons to the conjugated system through resonance.These groups t

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$-NH_2$

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(C) The $+M$ (mesomeric) or $+R$ (resonance) effect is shown by groups that donate electrons to the conjugated system through resonance.These groups typically possess at least one lone pair of electrons on the atom directly attached to the conjugated system.In $-NH_2$,the nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons that can be delocalized into the ring or conjugated system,thus showing $+M$ effect.Groups like $-COCH_3$ and $-COOH$ show $-M$ effect because they are electron-withdrawing due to the presence of electronegative oxygen atoms double-bonded to carbon.$-CH_3$ shows $+I$ (inductive) and hyperconjugation effects,but not $+M$ effect.

Which of the following can show $+M$ or $+R$ effect?

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