Which of the following compounds is the most | vedclass

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(A) The acidity of substituted benzoic acids is determined by the electronic effects of the substituent group attached to the benzene ring. Electron-w

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$p$-Nitrobenzoic acid

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(A) The acidity of substituted benzoic acids is determined by the electronic effects of the substituent group attached to the benzene ring. Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ increase acidity by stabilizing the carboxylate anion through inductive $(-I)$ and resonance $(-M)$ effects. Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ decrease acidity by destabilizing the carboxylate anion through inductive $(+I)$ and resonance $(+M)$ effects. The substituents are: $1$. $-NO_2$: Strong $-I$ and $-M$ effect (Strongly electron-withdrawing). $2$. $-CH_3$: $+I$ and hyperconjugation effect (Electron-donating). $3$. $-CN$: $-I$ and $-M$ effect (Electron-withdrawing,but weaker than $-NO_2$). $4$. $-OCH_3$: $-I$ effect but strong $+M$ effect (Overall electron-donating). Since the $-NO_2$ group is the strongest electron-withdrawing group among the given options,$p$-nitrobenzoic acid is the most acidic compound.

Which of the following compounds is the most acidic?

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