Which of the following has been used in photosynthetic researches?

Which of the following is/are the raw material$(s)$ for photosynthesis?
$I$. $H_{2}O$
$II$. $CO_{2}$
$III$. Light
$IV$. Chlorophyll
Choose the correct option.

$A$: For every $CO_2$ molecule entering the $C_3$ cycle,three molecules of $ATP$ and two molecules of $NADPH$ are required.
$R$: Cyclic photophosphorylation takes place to meet the difference in the number of $ATP$ molecules.

Analogy type question:
$(1)$ Biosynthetic phase : Based on $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ :: Phosphorylation : ......
$(2)$ First product of $C_3$ cycle : $PGA$ :: First product of $C_4$ cycle : ......

In which of the following is the rate of transpiration highest?

Photophosphorylation differs from oxidative phosphorylation in: