Which of the following has second ionisation potential less than expected?

Which of the following elements does not exhibit variable valency?

The stability of a particular oxidation state of a metal in an aqueous solution can be determined by:

Number of paramagnetic ions among the following $d$- and $f$-block metal ions is . . . . . . . $Mn^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Yb^{2+}$, $Sc^{3+}$, $La^{3+}$, $Gd^{3+}$, $Lu^{3+}$, $Ti^{4+}$, $Ce^{4+}$. (Atomic number of $Mn = 25$, $Cu = 29$, $Zn = 30$, $Yb = 70$, $Sc = 21$, $La = 57$, $Gd = 64$, $Lu = 71$, $Ti = 22$, $Ce = 58$)

The least reactive metal is

Which of the following magnetic moment values corresponds to the highest ionization energy for $Mn$?